review /ri5vju:/ v [t]回顾：review one?s progress?（回顾自己的进程）periodically review their emerging strengths and weaknesses with them and work together on any shortcomings, like difficulty in communicating well or collaborating. [2007 part b]（首先，定期同孩子一起回顾他 显露的优点和缺点，然后共同克服不足之处，比如不善于有效沟通或合作。）?v [t]检查，审查，评估：the home secretary was called on to review britain?s gun laws.（内政大臣被要求审查英国的枪支法。）but as the nuclear regulatory commission (nrc) reviews the company?s application, it should keep in mind what promises from entergy are worth. [2012 text 2]?（但当美国核能管理委员会审核该公司的申请时，会考量安特吉公司的承诺有 多少可信度。 ）they could cement the status quo of peer-reviewed research. [2014 text 3]（它们 可能会使同行评审研究的现状停滞不前。）?n [c, u]?审查，评估：all areas of the company will come under review.（公司的 各种活动都将受到审查。 ）in a move that has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz, the u.s. court of appeals for the federal circuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents. [2010 text 2]（联邦巡回上诉法院宣布将利用某一特定案例，展开对 商业方法专利的广泛复审，这一举措引起了专利律师们的纷纷议论。）?n [c]?（对书籍、电影等的）评论：the play got splendid reviews.（该剧受到高 度的评价。）yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. [2010 text 1]?（然而，在?20?世纪 出版的大量最重要的评论文集中，很大一部分都是报纸评论。） 【常见义】v [t]复习；检查?n [c]?温习
rule /ru:l/ v [t]?做出裁决或裁定：?the court ruled the action to be illegal.（法庭判定这种行 为非法。）?although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the court in effect supported the medical principle of?“double effect,”?a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects—a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen—is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect. [2002 text 4]（虽然裁决规定， 宪法没有赋予医生协助病人自杀的权力，但最高法院实际上还是支持“双重效应 ”的医学原 则的。这个延续了数百年的道德原则认为：当某个行为可能出现两种结果时——一个是希望 达到的好的结果，另一个是可以预见到的坏的结果——如果行为的执行者期待的只是好的结 果，那么这个行为是被允许的。） 【常见义】v [t]统治；操纵
run /rqn/ v [i, t]?（被）出版；（被）刊登：?when the story ran, there was a big to-do.（这 篇报道刊登出来时，引起了一场骚动。） “as soon as that report runs, we?ll suddenly get 500 new internet sign-ups from ukraine,”?says friedman, a former political science professor. [2003 text 1]?（“一旦这个报道发布出去，我们就会立即获得500个来自乌克兰的新网络注册用户， ” 前政治学教授弗里德曼说。） 【常见义】v [i]跑；奔跑
sacrifice /5sakrifais/ n [c]?牺牲?we must all be prepared to make sacrifices.（我们大家都必须准备好做 出牺牲。）?the coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teenagers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing japan?s rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs. [2000 passage 4]（战后生育高峰期出生的一代人进入成年以及女性进入男性 主宰的就业市场，这些都限制了青少年的发展机遇。这些青少年已经开始质疑，为进所好学 校、找份好工作而攀登日本残酷的社会阶梯所付出的巨大代价，是否真的值得。）
save /seiv/ prep?〈文〉除了：?nothing was required of him on this ship save to entertain his guests.（在这条船上，除了招待客人以外没有什么事情需要他去做。）?yet only one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists. [2010 text 1]?（然而，如今他的著作仅有一本仍可购得，他大量的音乐评论也仅为专业人士所知。） 【常见义】v [t]救助；节省
secular /5sekjele(r)/ adj?长期的：?secular trend（长期的趋势）?but as diet and health improved, children and adolescents have, on average, increased in height by about an inch and a half every 20 years, a pattern known as the secular trend in height. [2008 text 3]（但是随着饮食和健康状况的改善， 儿童和青少年的身高平均每?20?年就会增加约?1.5?英寸，这就是通常所说的身高增长长期趋 势的模式。） 【常见义】adj?现世的；世俗的
secure /si5kjue/ v [t]?获得，取得：secured a job（找到一份工作）since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or not we are forming the powers which will secure this ability. [2009 part c]（由于我们对年轻人的主要职责是使他们能够融入共同的生活，因此我们不禁要考虑自己是否在形成让他们获得这种本领的能力。）?v [t]?保护；确保：the troops secured the area before the civilians were allowed to return.（在百姓返回之前军队负责保护这个地

区。）religious associations began, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences; family life in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity; systematic labor, for the most part, because of enslavement to others, etc. [2009 part c]（比如，宗教团体的成立是为了保卫统治阶 层的利益和抵御邪恶势力；家庭生活的建立是为了满足身体的欲望和维系家族长久；有组织 的劳动的兴起很大程度上是因为奴隶制度的产生，等等。） 【常见义】adj?安全的
see /si:/ v [t]?经历；经受：?both of them have seen a great deal of life, and are excellent company.（他们俩都是饱经世故的，和他们相处，再好不过了。 ）?but increasingly the japanese are seeing a decline of the traditional work-moral values. [2000 passage 4]（但是日本人传统的职 业道德观正在日益衰退。 ） 【常见义】v [t]看见，察觉
sentence /5sentens/ v [t]?判决；宣判：?he has been sentenced to pay a fine of?￡1,000.（他被判罚款1,000?英镑。）?witness payments became an issue after west was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. [2001 section ii]（1995?年韦斯特被判处?10?次终生监禁，此后，买通证人就成了一个争论的 焦点。）?for example, he theorised that a judge fearful of appearing too soft on crime might be more likely to send someone to prison if he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day. [2013 section i]（例如，西蒙松博士从理论上推 测，如果一位担心对犯罪行为表现得太过仁慈的法官在一天当中已经对五六名被告只判处了 强制性社区服务，那么他更有可能会将接下来的被告送进监狱。） 【常见义】n [c]句子
shape / feip / v [t]?决定??的形成；影响??的发展：?these events helped to shape her future career.（这些事促成了她后来从事的事业。）?this is because the networked computer has sparked a secret war between downloading and uploading—between passive consumption and active creation—whose outcome will shape our collective future in ways we can only begin to imagine. [2012 part b]（这是因为联网计算机已经引发了一场下载和上传[被动消费和主动创 造]之间的秘密战争。战争的结果将影响我们共同的未来，而这种影响的方式是我们之前难 以想象的。）?v [t]?塑造；使成形：?most caves are shaped by the flow of water through limestone.?（大部分洞穴是水流经石灰岩形成的。）?the role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied. [2002 part b]（我们仅在一百多年前才阐明自然选择在进化中的作用，而认识和研究 环境在塑造和保持个体行为方面的选择性作用则刚刚开始。 ） 【常见义】n [c, u]形状，样子
sharp /fb:p/ adj?轮廓鲜明的；清晰的：?the tv picture isn?t very sharp.（电视图像不太清晰。）?as time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became?“personal”?too, as well as institutional, with display becoming sharper and storage capacity increasing. [2002 section ii]（随着时间的推移，计算机的体积越来越小，功能却越来越强。而且随着显示效 果越来越清晰及存储量越来越大，计算机不仅普遍应用于公共机构，而且还普及到了个人。） 【常见义】adj?锋利的；尖锐的
sheer /fie/ adj?完全的；十足的：?a sheer waste of time（纯粹浪费时间）?but the force of geographic conditions peculiar to america, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. [2015 part c]（但是美国独特的地理条件，不同种族之间的相互影响，以 及在这个原始的新大陆维持原有生活方式的极大难度，引起了巨大的变化。） 【常见义】adj?陡峭的
shield /fi:ld/ v [t]?保护；庇护：?the police officer shielded the child with her body.（那名警察用她 的身体保护了小孩。）?nancy dubler, director of montefiore medical center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who?“until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient medication to control their pain if that might hasten death.”?[2002 text 4]?（蒙特非奥尔医疗中心主任南希·道布勒认为，这一原则将庇护那些医生——他们“直到现在 还坚定地认为，如果加大剂量可能会加速病人死亡，他们总不能给病人足够的药物来控制他 们的痛苦。”）?shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if it?s useless. [2003 text 4]（因为医疗费由第三方买单， 我们会要求尽可能地用上一切手段为我们治疗，即使这种治疗毫无用处。） 【常见义】n [c]盾牌
shoulder /5feulde(r)/ v [t]?承担；承当：?shoulder the blame for his friends（为他的朋友承担斥责）if railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line. [2003 text 3]（他们认为，如果铁路公司对所有客户平 均收费，那些可以选择货运汽车或其他运输方式的客户就会另作选择，从而使剩下的客户承 担铁路的运营费用。） 【常见义】n [c]肩；肩膀
sit /sit/ v [i]?在职；担任（职务）：?she sat on a number of committees.（她曾同时在几个 委员会中任职。）?says korn/ferry senior partner dennis carey:?“i can?t think of a single search i?ve done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting ceos first.”?[2011 text 2]（光辉 国际的大股东丹尼斯·凯里说： “我所做过的每一次招聘，董事会都会要求我首先注意那些在职的首席执行官们。” ） 【常见义】v [i, t]坐；就座
soft /scft/ adj?（过分）有同情心的；心肠软的：if you appear to be soft, people will take advantage of you.（如果你表现得太过心软，别人就会占你便宜。）?for example, he theorised that a judge fearful of appearing too soft on crime might be more likely to send someone to prison if he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day. [2013 section i]（例如，西蒙松博士从理论上推测，如果一位担心对犯罪行为表现得太 过仁慈的法官在一天当中已经对五六名被告只判处了强制性社区服务，那么他更有可能会将 接下来的被告送进监狱。 ） 【常见义】adj?柔软的；轻柔的
solid /5sclid/ adj?牢靠的；坚实的：?she gives another solid performance as an unemployed single mom.（作为失业的单身母亲，她再一次表现出色。）?in 1995 the united states can look back on five years of solid growth while japan has been struggling. [2000 passage 1]（到了?1995?年，当 日本还在苦苦挣扎的时候，美国已经连续五年稳步发展了。 ） 【常见义】n [c]固体
sound /saund/ adj?合理的；正确的：it was a financially sound investment.?（这项投资财政稳 健。）if we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound. [2005 text 2]?（如果我们要保护大气，那么，至关重要的是这些新发电 站对环境是无害的。 ） 【常见义】n [u]声音?n [c, u]?声音；声响?v [i]发出响声
spark /spb:k/ v [t]?引导；导致：the incident sparked a controversy.（这一事件引发了一场争端。）this is because the networked computer has sparked a secret war between downloading and uploading—between passive consumption and active creation—whose outcome will shape our collective future in ways we can only begin to imagine. [2012 part b]（这是因为联网计算机已经 引发了一场下载和上传[被动消费和主动创造]之间的秘密战争。战争的结果将影响我们共同 的未来，而这种影响的方式是我们之前难以想象的。） 【常见义】n [c]火花；火星
spell /spel/ v [t]?导致；意味着：?their unwise investment could spell financial ruin.（他们所作 的不明智的投资可能导致经济上的崩溃。）?but the cult of the authentic and the personal,?“doing our own thing”, has spelt the death of formal speech, writing, poetry and music. [2005 text 4]（但“做自己的事情”，这种对本色以及个性的崇拜导致了正式演讲、写作、诗歌及音乐的衰亡。）?n [c]（某事物持续的）一段时间：a long spell of warm weather?（持续很久的温暖 的天气）despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries. [2002 text 2]（尽 管在?20?世纪?60?年代和?70?年代人们曾有过一段最初的乐观时期，因为在当时看来，似乎到?2010?年，晶体管电路和微处理器就有可能复制人类的思维活动，但是最近研究人员已开始 把这一预言推迟了几十年，甚至是几百年。） 【常见义】v [t]?拼写
spread /spred/ v [i, t]?传播；（使）流传：?he spread the news around the town.（他在镇上到处 传播这一消息。）?more and more governments, afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spread; internet access. [2001 passage 2]（由于害怕自己的国家落后，越来越多的政府想扩大 互联网的使用范围。） 【常见义】v [t]展开；铺开
squeeze /skwi:z/ v [t]?（尤用于金融或商业）破坏；扼制：?the economy is being squeezed by foreign debt repayments.（偿还外债给经济带来了坏的影响。）?on the other hand, oil-importing emerging economies—to which heavy industry has shifted—have become more energy-intensive, and so could be more seriously squeezed. [2002 text 3]（另一方面，新兴的石油进口国——重 工业已经转移到这些国家——能源密集程度变得更大，从而可能面临更大的压力。） 【常见义】v [t]用力挤压；榨取
state /steit / v [t]?规定；陈述，声明：?the rules state that samples must be enclosed in two watertight containers.（规则要求样本必须装在两个水密容器中。）?as so often is the case, stating that principle doesn?t ease the challenge of line-drawing. [2015 text 2]（而情况通常是这 样的，制定准则也很难划定实际界限。） 【常见义】n [c]国家；州；情形
stem /stem/ v [t]?阻止；遏制：?the government had failed to stem the tide of factory closures.（政府 没有控制住工厂纷纷倒闭的势头。）?stemming climate change, for example, is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy. [2013 part b]（例如，遏制气候变化不仅需要开发清洁能源，同样也需要我们改变消 费模式和推动人们接纳税收。） 【常见义】n [c]?植物、灌木的）茎，干?v [i]起源于
stop /stcp/ n [c]?标点符号；（尤指）句号：?full stop（句号）?we must pour out a large stream of essential words, unhampered by stops;, or qualifying adjectives, or finite verbs. [2000 passage 3]?（我们必须使用大量的基本词汇，而不受标点符号、修饰性形容词及限定动词的约束。） 【常见义】?v [i, t]（使）停止，中止
strength /strenw/ n [c, u]?优点；长处：?his strength was his obsessive single-mindedness.（他的长 处是非常专心。）?at first glance this might seem like a strength that grants the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by external factors. [2013 section i]（乍一看，这似乎是一种优点， 它使人们能够排除外部因素的影响，从而做出公正的判断。 ） 【常见义】n [u]力量；力气
stress /stres/ v [t]?着重于；强调：he stressed the point very strongly that all these services cost money.（他重强调所有这些服务都是要花钱的。）while often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics, japanese education tends to stress test taking and mechanical learning over creativity and self-expression. [2000 passage 4]（虽然日本的教育因强调基础知识而经常 受到外国人的赞扬，但是它往往强调考试和机械的学习而忽视了创造力和自我表达。）?because representative government presupposes an informed citizenry, the report supports full literacy; stresses the study of history and government, particularly american history and american government; and encourages the use of new digital technologies. [2014 text 4]（因为代 议制政府预先提出全民要接受教育，所以这份报告提倡全面提高国民的素质，强调学习历史和政体，尤其是美国历史和美国政体，鼓励使用新的数字技术。） 【常见义】n [c, u]压力
stretch /stretf/ n [c]一段时间：a four-hour stretch（连续四小时）?at the same time, listening through earphones to the same monotonous beats for long stretches encourages kids to stay inside their bubble instead of pursuing other endeavors. [2007 part b]?（同时，长时间用耳机听单调的 节奏会让孩子沉浸在自己的幻想里，而不致力于其他追求。 ） 【常见义】v [i]伸展
stripe /straip/ n [c]?种类；类型：?politicians of all stripes complained about the plan.（形形色色 的政客都抱怨这项计划。 ）?scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well. [2007 text 3]（学者、决策者以及形形色色的评论家都讨论了这种变化的社会影响， 但是很少有人看到其副作用：家庭所面临的风险也随之提高。） 【常见义】n [c]条纹；长条
subject /5sqbdvikt/ n [c]实验对象，受治疗者：the experiment involved 12 subjects.（这项实验用 了十二个研究对象。）the study is a genome-wide analysis conducted on 1932 unique subjects which compared pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. [2015 section i]?（这项研究在基因组范围内分析了?1,932?个独特的受试，将成对的没有亲属关系的朋友与没有亲属关系的 陌生人进行了比较。）the team also controlled the data to check ancestry of subjects. [2015 section i]?（同时，研究小组通过对数据进行检验来核查受试的血统。）?/seb5dvekt/ v [t]?使臣服或顺从：ancient rome subjected most of europe to its rule.（古罗马 帝国征服了欧洲大部分。）?furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. [2003 part b]（而且，人类有能力改变自己的生存环境，从而使所有其他生命形态服从于人类自己 独特的想法和想象。）at the very least, the court should make itself subject to the code of conduct that applies to the rest of the federal judiciary. [2010 section i]（但最起码，法院应遵守 适用于其他联邦司法系统的行为准则。）?/seb5dvekt/ v [t]?使使经历或遭受某事物：she was repeatedly subjected to torture.?（她不断 地受到折磨。）?his argument is that the unusual history of these people has subjected them to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this paradoxical state of affairs. [2008 section i]?（他认为，这些人不同寻常的历史使他们遭受了罕见的进化压力，正是这种压力导致了这种 矛盾状态的产生。）after several decades, the same data were subjected to econometric analysis. [2010 section i]?（几十年之后，研究人员对这些照明实验的数据结果进行了计量经济学分析。）?/5sqbdvikt/ adj?易于??的；倾向于??的：are you subject to colds??（你常患感冒吗?）?all theories, however, are tentative and are subject to criticism. [2004 section ii]（然而，所有理 论都只是试探性的，易遭到批判。）?/5sqbdvikt/ adj?服从的；支配的：we are subject to the law of the land.?（我们须遵守当地的 法律。）?in addition, the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patented and not subject to peer review or outside evaluation. [2009 text 2]?（此外，检测公司用 以判定血缘关系的计算机程序可能申请了专利保护，不必受同行的评审或外界的评估。）in 2006, the state went a step further, requiring that any extension of the plant?s license be subject to vermont legislature?s approval. [2010 text 2]（2006?年该州进一步提出要求，任何核电站的许 可证的延期都要获得佛蒙特立法机关的批准。） 【常见义】?n [c]学科；主题
suggest /se5dvest/ v [t]?表明；暗示；意味着：but particularly when viewed against america?s turbulent past, todays social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment. [2006 text 1]（但如今的社会几乎没有显示出社会环境黑暗和每况愈下的迹象，尤其是当与美国动荡的 过去相比时更是如此。）this suggests that dimmer bulbs burn longer, that there is an advantage in not being too bright. [2009 section i]?（这表明暗淡的灯泡[笨脑瓜]更耐用，不够十分明亮[聪 明]也有好处。） 【常见义】v [t]提议；建议
supplement /5sqpliment/ n [c]?（报纸、 杂志等的）增刊：?the sunday color supplements（周日彩色增刊）?for the past several years, the sunday newspaper supplement parade has featured a column called“ask marilyn.”?[2007 text 2]?过去几年，周日报纸增刊《游行》开辟了一个专栏叫“问 问玛丽莲”。 【常见义】n [c]补充
surface /5s\:fis/ v [i]?引起注意；公开化：?the argument first surfaced two years ago.（这场争论最 初在两年前就引起了人们的注意。）?the conflict has been surfacing since 2002, when the corporation bought vermont?s only nuclear power plant, an aging reactor in vernon. [2012 text 2]?（安特吉公司与佛蒙特州政府之间的冲突早在?2002?年就引起了人们的注意，当时该公司购 买了佛蒙特州唯一的一座核电站，一个位于弗农市的陈旧的核反应堆。） 【常见义】n [c]（物体的）表面
sweep /swi:p/ v [i, t]?迅速蔓延；风行：?youngsters are risking their lives in a dangerous craze which is sweeping the country.（青少年正在一阵席卷全国的危险时尚中拿自己的生命冒险。）?foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market. [2000 passage 1]?（外国 制造的汽车和纺织品也大举涌入美国国内市场。）?the process sweeps from hyperactive america to europe and reaches the emerging countries with unsurpassed might. [2001 passage 4]?（这股浪潮从异常活跃的美国席卷到欧洲，并以无与伦比的威力波及到新兴国家。） 【常见义】v [t]打扫；清理
swell /swell/ v [i, t]?增加；增长：?total employment swelled by almost 50%.（就业总人数增 加了差不多?50%。）?according to the world social science report 2010, the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000. [2013 part b]?（根据《2010?年世界社会科学报告》，自?2000?年以来，全球社会科学专业的学生数量每年 以大约?11%的速度增长。 ） 【常见义】v [i]肿胀；膨胀
sympathy /5simpewi/ n [u]?（感情上的）支持，赞同：?i?m sure she will be in sympathy with your proposal.?（我确信她一定赞成你的建议。）?your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. [2002 text 1]（你的幽默必须与听众相关，而且有助于表明你是他们 中的一员，或者表明你了解他们的处境并且赞同他们的观点。） 【常见义】n [u]同情
systematic /7siste5matik/ adj?有预谋的；蓄意的：?a systematic attempt to ruin his reputation（蓄谋破坏他 的名誉） “large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering,”?to the extent that it constitutes?“systematic patient abuse.”?[2002 text 4]（“许多医生似乎对病人遭受不必要的、可以预见的痛苦漠不关心”，其严重程 度已经构成“蓄意虐待病人”。） 【常见义】adj?有系统的；系统化的
tap /tap/ v [t]?开发（资源）：?these magazines have tapped into a target market of consumers.（这 些杂志已经开发了消费者目标市场。 ）?for example, they may encourage research in various ways, including the setting up of their own research centers; they may alter the structure of education, or interfere in order to reduce the wastage of natural resources or tap resources hitherto unexploited; or they may co-operate directly in the growing number of international projects related to science, economics and industry. [2000 section iv]（例如，他们可以鼓励不同形式的 研究，包括建立他们自己的研究中心。他们可以改变教育结构；或是通过干预减少自然资源 的浪费，开发迄今尚未开发的资源；政府也可以直接在科学、经济及工业领域广泛开展国际 合作项目。） 【常见义】v [t]?轻拍?n [c]轻拍；龙头
tell /tel/ v [i]?产生影响（尤指有害的影响）：?these late nights are really beginning to tell on him.（这些天的熬夜真的开始让他吃不消了。）?urban japanese have long endured lengthy commutes（travels to and from work）?and crowded living conditions, but as the old group and family values weaken, the discomfort is beginning to tell. [2000 passage 4]（城市里的日本人长 期忍受着漫长的通勤（上下班往返路程）和拥挤不堪的居住条件，随着旧的群体观念和家庭 观念的削弱，生活的不如意开始产生影响。） 【常见义】?v [i, t]告诉；讲述
temper /5tempe(r)/ v [t]?缓和；调剂：?their idealism is tempered with realism.（他们的理想主义因 现实主义有所冲淡。）?from car dealerships to gap outlets, sales have been lagging for months as shoppers temper their spending. [2004 text 3]（由于消费者们削减开支，从汽车经销商到盖普 商店，销售额几个月来一直在下滑。）?egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass of the population was unprepared for self-rule and democracy. [2007 section i]（平等主 义的情绪常常因担心大众尚未为自治与民主做好准备而有所缓和。） 【常见义】n [c]脾气；性情
term /t\:m/ n [c]?专门名词；名称；术语： “the nick”?is a slang term for?“prison”.?（the nick?一 词是俚语,?意为“班房”。）?later, this idea became to be known as the sapir-whorf hypothesis, but this term is somewhat inappropriate. [2004 part b]?（后来，这一观点成为了著名的萨皮尔沃尔夫假说，但这个术语有点不恰当。）the defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the iq score, even though iq tests are not given as often as they used to be. [2007 text 2]（虽 然人们已经不像以前那样频繁地使用智商测试了，但是智商分数似乎仍然是定义人类智力的术 语。） 【常见义】n [c]?（学校的）学期；期限
thumb /wqm/ v [t]翻阅，翻查：?i?ve thumbed my address book and found quite a range of smaller hotels.?（我翻看我的通讯录，发现里面记了一长串的小旅馆。）it has long been known that a taxi firm called aa cars has a big advantage over zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories. [2004 text 2]（人们早就知道，顾客翻查电话号码簿的时候，与名为?zodiac?的出租车公司相比，名为?aa 的出租车公司占有很大的优势。） 【常见义】n [c]?拇指
traffic /5sakrifais/ n [u]?（通讯系统的）通信（量），信息流量：?internet traffic（互联网上的信息 流量） “on the day after we send our messages, we see a sharp increase in our traffic,”?says seth peets, vice president of marketing for careersite. [2004 text 1]（careersite?市场部副总裁 赛思·皮茨说：“我们发送这些信息的第二天网站访问量就急剧增长。”）?we define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment. [2011 text 3]（我们将这种售出媒介定义为流量巨 大、可以吸引其他机构前来投放内容或电子商务引擎的自有媒介） 【常见义】n [u]往来于街道的车辆；交通
treat /tri:t/ v [t]（以食物或娱乐等）款待某人或使自己获得享受：we were treated to the unusual sight of the prime minister singing on tv.?（我们有幸目睹首相上电视一展歌喉的难得场面。）?instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply. [2000 passage 5]?（相反，我们目睹了大量极为虚伪的现象，现在这些现象似乎比以 往任何时候都要多。）?v [t]把某事物看作；视某事物为：i decided to treat his remark as a joke.?（我决定 把他的话当作玩笑话。）today, professors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservative or classical liberal ideas?—?such as free markets or self-reliance?—?as falling outside the boundaries of routine, and sometimes legitimate, intellectual investigation. [2014 text 4]（如今，教授们通常 把对历史的革新性解读和主张改革的公共政策作为正确的研究课题，而认为保守或古典的自由主 义思想[比如自由市场和自力更生]已经超出常规，有时甚至超出了正当的学术研究的范围。） 【常见义】v [t]对待；医治
trust /trqst/ n [c]?垄断企业；托拉斯（为减少竞争、垄断价格等而成立的企业联合组织）：?anti-trust laws（反托拉斯法）?yet it is hard to imagine that the merger of a few oil firms today could re-create the same threats to competition that were feared nearly a century ago in the u.s., when the standard oil trust was broken up. [2001 passage 4]（将近一个世纪前，美国标准石油托拉 斯被迫解体。人们因此担心竞争会受到威胁。不过很难想象，今天几家石油公司的合并会对 竞争构成同样的威胁） 【常见义】n [u]相信?v [t]?相信
twist /twist/ n [c]?歪曲；曲解：?his political opponent gave a twist to everything he said.（他的 政敌对他所有的话都加以歪曲。）?a twist on a familiar quote?“if at first you don?t succeed, give up”?or a play on words or on a situation. [2002 text 1]（可以故意歪曲一下大家熟知的话，比如 说“如果一开始不成功，那就放弃好了”，或者玩文字游戏，或就一个情景开玩笑。） 【常见义】v [t]绕；卷
underline /7qnde5lain/ v [t]?突出；强调：?the improvement in retail sales was underlined by these figures.?（这些数字突出了零售量的增加。）?this alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty european television networks, no less than 50% took a loss in 1989. [2005 part c]（仅这一点就足以表明， 在电视行业生存下来并非易事，统计数字也突显了这一事实，统计表明，1989?年在?80?家欧 洲电视网中，多达一半出现了亏损 ） 【常见义】?v [t]在（词等）下面画线
weather /5wete(r)/ v 平安渡过；经受住：?weather a crisis（平安渡过危机）?this?“added-worker effect”?could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times. [2007 text 3]（这种“附加劳动力效应”会增强由失业保险或伤 残保险组成的安全保障， 助家庭渡过难关） 【常见义】n [u]天气；气象